Importance of Life Revealed in Erich Maria Remarques All...

Importance of Life Revealed in Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarques classic war novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, deals with the many ways in which World War I affected peoples lives, both the lives of soldiers on the front lines and the lives of people on the homefront. One of the most profound effects the war had was the way it made the soldiers see human life. Constant killing and death became a part of a soldiers daily life, and soldiers fighting on all sides of the war became accustomed to it. The atrocities and frequent deaths that the soldiers dealt with desensitized them to the reality of the vast quantities of people dying daily. The title character of the novel, Paul†¦show more content†¦We do not fight, we defend ourselves against annihilation. It is not against men that we fling our bombs, what do we know of men in this moment when death is hunting us down (113). Bà ¤umer also sees that the wars effects on people makes them seem physically less than human; he explains A man cannot realize that above su ch shattered bodies there are still human faces in which life goes its daily round (263). Paul accurately sums up the wars most powerful effect in one simple sentence, Our knowledge of life is limited to death (264). The war not only makes the lives of the dead less valuable; it makes those who survive have a different, more seize the day, outlook on their own lives. The deaths of friends and acquaintances in the war makes those who survive place more value on their own lives. After Kemmerichs death, Bà ¤umer feels a new-found vigor for his own life, I breathe the air deeply. The night lives, I live. I feel a hunger, greater than comes from the belly alone (33). Because of the vast amount of death and destruction, Bà ¤umer and his fellow surviving comrades have to take things as lightly as we can, so we make the most of every opportunity (232). Bà ¤umer sees the value of his own life and is cognoscente of how important it is to survive, no matter what it entails. We lie under the network of arching shells and live in a suspense of uncertainty, says Baumer, It is...a matter of chance that I am

Genetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo ) - 3037 Words

In today’s society biotechnology and food science is constantly evolving and changing. A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism that has been modified through genetic engineering techniques. The process of genetic engineering involves taking desirable traits of plants and crops, and combining and crossing the crop to develop new verities. The process of genetic engineering is typically very long, and can take years to achieve (Key et al., 2008). Typically, the most frequent genetically modified crops on the consumer market today are soybean, corn, and cotton (Herman 2003). With the evolution of food technology, and the use of genetically modified organisms growing, public awareness and concern about the safety and health†¦show more content†¦Overall, it is important that food, whether developed by conventional means or through biotechnology, such as genetic modification be safe and free from major health risks for the American society. As of today, the general public remains largely unaware of what genetically modified organisms actually are, and what advantages and disadvantages the use of this technology has to offer. The purpose of this paper is to assess the public opinion of genetically modified plants and to examine human research on the advantages and disadvantages of the use of genetically modified organisms in nutrition. Consumer Acceptance With the growing use of genetically modified organisms across the nation today, and in the effort of assessing human research, consumer attitudes and opinions worldwide are something very important to be aware of. According to Burton et al., (2001), the overall consumer attitudes in general for food safety has been increasing across the nation. Burton et al., (2001), examined the consumer attitudes to genetically modified organisms in food, and the extent to which these attitudes translate into the willingness for the individual to pay to avoid food products containing genetically modified organisms. It is hypothesized study that overall, society has recognized that there are certain benefits to using genetically modified organisms in food; however, with the increased use of GMOs in food, the anxiety and mistrust of consumers is

Hair Analysis Essay free essay sample

To start off I will talk about the structure of the hair. First, we have the medulla. The medulla is the innermost layer of the hair shaft. It is the center. Forensic investigators classify hair into five different groups depending on the appearance of the medulla. Next we have the cortex. The Cortex is the largest part of the hair shaft. It also contains the most pigment. Finally we have the cuticle, which is a transparent outer layer of the hair shaft. It looks like scales almost. The cuticle can be used in order to analyze the hair for different toxins, drugs, or metals at specific points in times. It is also used to determine whether the hair is animal or human. There are many different types of medulla patterns. Continuous is one unbroken line of color while interrupted is broken at intervals. Fragmented are when the pigmented lines are unevenly spaced. We will write a custom essay sample on Hair Analysis Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Solid are when the medulla and the cortex are both pigment filled. None is when there is no separate pigmentation in the medulla. There are also 3 different types of cuticle: imbricate (look like lines, almost like a wall going up), coronal (stacks), spinous (horizontal layers). Other important terms related to hair are: keratin (type of fibrous that make up the majority of the cortex of a hair), melanin granules (bits of pigment found in the cortex), hair follicles (the actively growing root of hair). There is also microscopic variation in hair. The medullary index measures the diameter of the medulla relative to the diameter of the hair shaft. This helps distinguish animal hair from human hair. As said before, there are 3 different types of cuticules (imbricate, coronal, and stacks), which can help narrow down suspects. Cortex color determines the color of the hair, so forensic scientists can determine the color of someones hair with one strand. The diameter of hair can also be determined microscopically and can help the scientist know how thick the suspect’s hair is. Also, once again, it helps determine if the hair is human or not (medullary index, if the number is high it is probably animal). Now, I will convince the jury why I believe suspect number 1 is the offender. Hair is class evidence, it helps us eliminate different suspects. Now, although hair might be at the crime scene prior to the investigation, it is still highly unlikely that these multiple strands were there. Our investigators found clues of a struggle, which would explain why there was a lot of hair left over. Upon examining the hair, the medulla type found at the scene was a continuous medulla pattern. Only suspects 1 and 2 have a continuous medulla pattern, suspects 3, 4 and 5 have either no medulla or a fragmented medulla. Because of this, our suspect class goes down from 5 suspects to 2 suspects. The next clues we found with hair is the medullary index and cuticle. While both suspects have the same pigment color, they do not have the same hair thickness (medullary index) or cuticle. The hair at the crime scene has a medullary index and a cuticlethat matches suspect 1, not suspect 2, so it allows us to give us the assumption that it is suspect A. In summary, by examining the hair we were able to shrink down our class (hair is class evidence) and eventually narrow it down to a suspect. By looking at the medulla, we were able to narrow down the suspects to those with a continuous medulla. Finally, after examining the medullary index and type of cuticle, we found that suspect 1 matched with the hair at the crime scene in terms of the hair thickness and cuticle. In conclusion, now that you know all about the structure of the hair, the variation of the hair’s medulla and cuticle, we can narrow down the suspects to a class that has a continuous medulla, a medullary index that matches the one at the crime scene, and a cuticle type that was found at the crime scene.

Racism and Research the Tuskegee Syphilis Study free essay sample

This essay examines the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, wherein for 40 years (1932-1972) hundreds of black men suffering from advanced syphilis were studied but not treated. The 40-year study was controversial for reasons related to ethical standards; primarily because researchers knowingly failed to treat patients appropriately after the 1940s validation of penicillin as an effective cure for the disease they were studying. To explore the role of the racism in the controversial study, this essay analyzes the article written by Allan M. Brandt. | | The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (also known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study or Public Health Service Syphilis Study) was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama by the U. S. Public Health Service (PHS) to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in poor, rural black men who thought they were receiving free health care from the U. S. government. Allan M. Brandt suggests, the Tuskegee study must be understood as a result of enduring American racism. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism and Research the Tuskegee Syphilis Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Tuskegee Syphilis Study of untreated syphilis was one of the most horrible scandals in American medicine in the 20th century. For a period of forty years, doctors and public officials watched 400 men in Alabama die in a scientific experiment based on unethical methods that could produce no new information about syphilis. The subjects of the study were never told they were participating in an experiment. Treatment that could have cured them was deliberately withheld, and many of the men were prevented from seeing physicians who could have helped them. As a result, many people died painful deaths, others became permanently blind or insane, and the children of several were born with congenital syphilis. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was an ethical injustice of medical care. An ethical injustice of medical care is a violation of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine. It was an ethical injustice because no informed consent was given by any of the men, medication should have been provided when it became available and the study hould have been terminated when policies regarding experimentation with human subjects were implemented. Six of the values that commonly apply to medical ethics discussions are: * Autonomy the patient has the right to refuse or choose their treatment. * Beneficence a practitioner should act in the best interest of the patient. * Non-maleficence first, do no harm * Justice concerns the distribution of scarce health resources, and the decision of who gets what treatment (fai rness and equality). * Dignity the patient (and the person treating the patient) have the right to be treated with dignity. Truthfulness and honesty the concept of informed consent has increased in importance since the historical events of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Values such as these do not give answers as to how to handle a particular situation, but provide a useful structure for understanding conflicts. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study violated several of these guidelines in order to continue their research. In the past and especially today this study was an unacceptable form of research that lead to the inhumane treatment of many men. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was extremely unethical and should have been put to a stop much earlier in the process. When the study began there may not have been specific guidelines as to how to conduct a study, but after the Henderson Act and the Declaration of Helsinki, the researchers had an obligation to treat their subjects and end their study. By not doing so and allowing this study to go on for forty years, this has become one of the most unethical and inhumane events in the United States. The risk to the patients in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was death, and no amount of scientific data was worth the lives of hundreds of men. There is no doubt that this study was unethical and inhumane, but I do not agree that it was racial. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was conducted with subjects who were all African American. This can lead to the belief that the researchers were racist and used African Americans because their lives had less worth than white individuals. These are very valid realizations that could possibly be true but what is interesting is the use of African Americans for recruiting and also African Americans helping to conduct the study. The PHS even expressed that by using African American physicians they could more easily gain the cooperation from the African American studies. If this was a racist study why would African Americans support a study that devalued their own race? Another ironic fact about racism within the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was that the title of the study itself came from the Tuskegee Institute which was a black university that was founded by Booker T. Washington. When recruiting subjects, leaders within the black community were used to gain the confidence and trust of the men used in the study. For a study that is believed to be so racist, it is interesting that so many black organizations, leaders, doctors and nurses were involved. Racism within the Tuskegee Syphilis Study may always be debated but the idea that this study was unethical and inhumane is one that leaves a much smaller area for debate. The way the men in this study were treated was inhumane and unacceptable regardless of their race. We cannot change the events that happened during the time of this study but we can learn from its failure and gain a better insight into many social issues. The injustices that came from this event should not be forgotten and should be used as an example to demonstrate the severe consequences of not making the patient’s best interest a priority. â€Å"Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study† provided me clarity of the facts, none of the men were injected with syphilis, as it is often rumored. Not all of the men died of the disease. The article was interesting and quite informative. However, I disagree with Allan M. Brandt. I do not believe that the Tuskegee Syphilis Study should be understood as a result of enduring American racism.